Insight from CP Kelco, a global leader in the specialty hydrocolloids market, provides a blueprint for the intelligent, cost-efficient deployment of gel permeation/size exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) in biopolymer manufacture.
Using GPC/SEC systems from Malvern, the company has established analytical strategies that ensure consistent, high performance pectin and carrageenan grades from a wide range of different natural sources.
CP Kelco principal scientist Jan Larsen said: "Unfortunately not even all oranges are the same.
"Since we extract biopolymers from a variety of citrus fruits and from seaweed, we face the task of dealing with multiple and variable feedstocks.
"An essential element of R&D is to efficiently identify optimal extraction conditions for each new feed so as to deliver a highly consistent product that can be used with confidence across the food, drink and pharmaceutical industries.
"We exploit the full capabilities of the Viscotek tetra-detector GPC/SEC system to look at molecular weight (MW) distribution, structure or ‘branchiness’, intrinsic viscosity (IV), and to detect any unwanted chemical impurities."
The pectin and carrageenan products made by CP Kelco are complex mixtures of copolymers, as in nature, and present a considerable challenge in terms of characterisation and consistent product quality.
The Viscotek tetra-detector array incorporates a refractive index concentration detector, a light scattering detector for absolute MW measurement, a viscometer for IV measurement and a UV detector for chemical identification.
Each GPC/SEC analysis provides extensive and detailed information about the product that is directly relevant to performance. These data are used to optimise the extraction conditions applied to any given feedstock.
Larsen said: "During processing, both locally and at other sites across the globe, we switch to an ‘abbreviated’ form of GPC/SEC called flow injection polymer analysis (FIPA).
"This is not as informative as ‘standard’ GPC/SEC but measurements are much faster, making it very useful for extraction control.
"FIPA provides averaged values of MW and IV in around ten minutes, so we can quickly check that the extraction is proceeding as it should."
FIPA can be implemented on a Viscotek system simply by changing to a different separation column.
It provides averaged rather than distributed values for the sample because the column performs a simpler separation of the bulk polymer from any impurities or low molecular weight material. This means that measurement is relatively quick.
Using the FIPA and ‘standard’ GPC/SEC in tandem is a beneficial strategy for optimising the cost-efficiency of the technique within the manufacturing environment.